The technical content top engineers rely on to level up.
Full-length tutorials on the most in-demand skills in Web3.

This is the most programmer-friendly zero knowledge proof tutorial available.

Formally verify smart contracts using the Certora Verification Language and Certora Prover.

The Uniswap V2 Book is a comprehensive and in-depth explanation of the codebase. We don’t just screenshot the code and walk you through line by line. Hopefully you can already read code! We motivate why it was written that way in the first place, what the possible alternatives are, and the motivation behind the decisions.

Compound Finance is the most forked DeFi lending protocol. By learning the Compound Finance codebase and tokenomics in depth, you will be able to understand dozens of other lending protocols and be able to navigate their codebases more efficiently.

Uniswap V3 innovated the concept of concentrated liquidity. Concentrated liquidity allows traders to get better trade executions and enables liquidity providers to earn higher fees relative to a traditional xy = k AMM. As such, Uniswap V3 turned concentrated liquidity into a very popular DeFi primitive.

The most comprehensive guide to smart contract upgradeability.
This Solana course is designed for engineers with a beginner or intermediate background in Ethereum or EVM development to get up to speed quickly with Solana program development.
A concise, developer-friendly tutorial series that helps Solidity and other experienced programmers quickly learn Cairo and build smart contracts on Starknet, no prior ZK knowledge required.
A high quality, in depth Solidity course for experienced developers, free, comprehensive, and trusted by smart contract security experts.
This course helps engineers with an Ethereum background quickly grasp smart contract development on the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP). Our goal is to streamline your journey towards learning how to program ICP smart contracts and utilize ICP’s Chain Fusion Technology
8 min read
Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an algorithm for evaluating a polynomial in a finite field on n values in O(n log n) time. Normally, evaluating a polynomial...
6 min read
Signal Flow Graphs An algorithm or an algebraic expression can be visually represented through a Signal Flow Graph (SFG). In this chapter, we will: Illustrate what a signal flow graph looks like....
11 min read
Using Convolution Theorem to Prove Equivalence Between Multiplication in Coefficient Form and Point Form At the beginning of this series, we argued that the multiplication of two polynomials of...
7 min read
手工推演 INTT 算法 如上一篇文章所述,逆数论变换(INTT)与 NTT 一样,均使用 Vandermonde 矩阵来执行。这表明通过...进行的求值与...
13 min read
证明范德蒙德矩阵的逆矩阵是另一个范德蒙德矩阵 在上一章关于逆数论变换的内容中,我们曾指出范德蒙德矩阵的逆矩阵……
11 min read
逆数论变换 在前面的章节中,我们学习了数论变换(NTT),即计算多项式在其 $k$ 次单位根处的值。它可以被理解为……
7 min read
原生 Multicall 原生 multicall 是 Starknet 将多个合约调用打包成单个原子交易的能力。某些去中心化应用的工作流需要签名多个……
17 min read
账户抽象 在 Ethereum 上,账户默认是外部拥有账户(EOAs)。每个账户都由一个私钥控制,如果私钥被泄露,将无法限制损失或……
10 min read
Pragma 预言机 Pragma 是一个专为 Starknet 构建的预言机协议,可将链下价格数据引入链上。它提供喂价和计算数据(例如收益率曲线和波动率数据)。在……
9 min read
在 Starknet 上升级合约。在 Ethereum 上,代理模式是实现合约可升级性最常见的方法。在这种模式下,代理合约持有合约的存储空间并委托......
17 min read
组件 3 在 Component Part 1 中,我们学习了如何在合约中创建并使用组件,并演示了组件的行为类似于 Solidity 中的抽象合约。在 Component Part 2 中,我们……
5 min read
Starknet 上的 Library call:Library call 会在调用它的合约的上下文和存储中,执行已声明的 contract class 的逻辑。这与 Solidity 的机制类似,但使用的是 class hashes...