INTT Algorithm by Hand As seen in the previous article, the Inverse Number Theoretic Transform (INTT) is performed using a Vandermonde matrix, just like the NTT. This shows that both evaluation via...

Proof that the Inverse of a Vandermonde Matrix Is Another Vandermonde Matrix In the previous chapter on the Inverse Number Theoretic Transform, we claimed that the inverse of the Vandermonde matrix...

The Inverse Number Theoretic Transform In the previous chapters, we studied the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), which evaluates a polynomial at its $k$-th roots of unity. It can be understood as...

Native Multicall Native multicall is Starknet's ability to bundle multiple contract calls into a single atomic transaction. Some decentralized application workflows require signing multiple...

Account Abstraction On Ethereum, accounts are Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) by default. Each account is controlled by a private key, and if it's compromised, there's no way to limit the damage or...

Pragma Oracle Pragma is an oracle protocol built for Starknet that brings off-chain price data on-chain. It provides price feeds and computational feeds (such as yield curves and volatility data). In...

Upgrading Contracts on Starknet On Ethereum, the proxy pattern is the most common approach for contract upgradeability. In this pattern, a proxy contract holds the contract's storage and delegates...

Components 3 In Component Part 1, we learned how to create and use a component within a contract, and demonstrated that components behave like abstract contracts in Solidity. In Component Part 2, we...

Library call on Starknet A library call executes the logic of a declared contract class in the context and storage of the contract that invokes it. This is similar to Solidity’s but uses class hashes...

Factory Contract in Cairo A factory contract is a contract that deploys one or more instances of a contract. In the "_Understanding Starknet's Contract Deployment Model_" chapter, we learned that...

Deploying Contracts on Starknet In the previous article, we covered Starknet's declare-deploy model, including the deployment paths for regular and account contracts. This article puts those concepts...

Understanding Starknet’s Contract Deployment Model On Ethereum, you deploy a contract in a single transaction. Starknet takes a different approach: deployment is split into two separate transactions,...