Category: EVM

Storage Slots in Solidity: Storage Allocation and Low-level assembly storage operations This article examines the storage architecture of the Ethereum Smart Contracts. It explains how variables are kept in the…

The second preimage attack for Merkle Trees in Solidity The second preimage attack in Merkle trees can happen when an intermediate node in a merkle tree is presented as a…

Ethereum precompiled contracts Ethereum precompiles behave like smart contracts built into the Ethereum protocol. The nine precompiles live in addresses 0x01 to 0x09. The utility of precompiles falls into four…

EIP-2930 – Ethereum access list Introduction An Ethereum access list transaction enables saving gas on cross-contract calls by declaring in advance which contract and storage slots will be accessed. Up…

EIP-150 and the 63/64 Rule for Gas Introduction EIP-150, or Ethereum Improvement Proposal 150, is a protocol upgrade for the Ethereum blockchain. It was proposed on March 18, 2016, and…

Convert gas to USD (Ethereum) Understanding gas cost can be tricky because there are three components at play: the gas price, the price of ether, and the units of gas.…

What makes blockchain immutable? Note: This article is intended to be understandable by non-technical readers, to gain a very technical understanding, refer to our blockchain bootcamp after reading this article.…

Ethereum smart contract creation code 608060405260405160893803806089833981016040819052601e916025565b600055603d565b600060208284031215603657600080fd5b5051919050565b603f80604a6000396000f3fe6080604052600080fdfea26469706673582212204a131c1478e0e7bb29267fd8f6d38a660b40a25888982bd6618b720d4498b6b464736f6c634300080700330000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 This article explains what happens at the bytecode level when an Ethereum smart contract is constructed and how the constructor arguments are interpreted. Table…

Solidity Gasleft Introduction The purpose of this article is to describe the behavior of the solidity gasleft() function and its uses. It is a built-in function that is used to…

Generate Ethereum Address from Private Key Python Generate Ethereum Address from Public Key An Ethereum address is the last 20 bytes of the keccack256 of the public key. The public…

Smart contract creation cost Smart contract creation cost can be anywhere from \$10 to \$2,000 assuming Ether costs between \$1,500 to \$2,000. The biggest factors are 1) Ethereum price, 2)…

Solidity RSA signatures for aidrops and presales: Beating ECDSA and Merkle Trees in Gas Efficiency Updated: Aug 4, 2023 By Suthan Somadeva and Michael Burke ECDSA Vs RSA Introduction Creating…