Category: EVM

15 July 2024
13 minutes

Storage Slots in Solidity: Storage Allocation and Low-level assembly storage operations

Storage Slots in Solidity: Storage Allocation and Low-level assembly storage operations This article examines the storage architecture of the Ethereum Smart Contracts. It explains how variables are kept in the…

Read Article
24 November 2023
5 minutes

The second preimage attack for Merkle Trees in Solidity

The second preimage attack for Merkle Trees in Solidity The second preimage attack in Merkle trees can happen when an intermediate node in a merkle tree is presented as a…

Read Article
16 April 2023
7 minutes

Ethereum precompiled contracts

Ethereum precompiled contracts Ethereum precompiles behave like smart contracts built into the Ethereum protocol. The nine precompiles live in addresses 0x01 to 0x09. The utility of precompiles falls into four…

Read Article
27 March 2023
10 minutes

EIP-2930 – Ethereum access list

EIP-2930 – Ethereum access list Introduction An Ethereum access list transaction enables saving gas on cross-contract calls by declaring in advance which contract and storage slots will be accessed. Up…

Read Article
23 March 2023
5 minutes

EIP-150 and the 63/64 Rule for Gas

EIP-150 and the 63/64 Rule for Gas Introduction EIP-150, or Ethereum Improvement Proposal 150, is a protocol upgrade for the Ethereum blockchain. It was proposed on March 18, 2016, and…

Read Article
07 March 2023
4 minutes

Convert gas to USD (Ethereum)

Convert gas to USD (Ethereum) Understanding gas cost can be tricky because there are three components at play: the gas price, the price of ether, and the units of gas.…

Read Article
10 February 2023
7 minutes

What makes blockchain immutable?

What makes blockchain immutable? Note: This article is intended to be understandable by non-technical readers, to gain a very technical understanding, refer to our blockchain bootcamp after reading this article.…

Read Article
06 February 2023
15 minutes

Ethereum smart contract creation code

Ethereum smart contract creation code 608060405260405160893803806089833981016040819052601e916025565b600055603d565b600060208284031215603657600080fd5b5051919050565b603f80604a6000396000f3fe6080604052600080fdfea26469706673582212204a131c1478e0e7bb29267fd8f6d38a660b40a25888982bd6618b720d4498b6b464736f6c634300080700330000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 This article explains what happens at the bytecode level when an Ethereum smart contract is constructed and how the constructor arguments are interpreted. Table…

Read Article
04 February 2023
7 minutes

Solidity Gasleft

Solidity Gasleft Introduction The purpose of this article is to describe the behavior of the solidity gasleft() function and its uses. It is a built-in function that is used to…

Read Article
30 January 2023
5 minutes

Generate Ethereum Address from Private Key Python

Generate Ethereum Address from Private Key Python Generate Ethereum Address from Public Key An Ethereum address is the last 20 bytes of the keccack256 of the public key. The public…

Read Article
31 December 2022
5 minutes

Smart contract creation cost

Smart contract creation cost Smart contract creation cost can be anywhere from \$10 to \$2,000 assuming Ether costs between \$1,500 to \$2,000. The biggest factors are 1) Ethereum price, 2)…

Read Article
07 December 2022
10 minutes

Solidity RSA signatures for aidrops and presales: Beating ECDSA and Merkle Trees in Gas Efficiency

Solidity RSA signatures for aidrops and presales: Beating ECDSA and Merkle Trees in Gas Efficiency Updated: Aug 4, 2023 By Suthan Somadeva and Michael Burke ECDSA Vs RSA Introduction Creating…

Read Article
Load More Articles