How Ethereum address are derived (EOAs, CREATE, and CREATE2) On Ethereum, smart contracts can be deployed in one of three ways: An Externally Owned Account (EOA) initiates the transaction where the...

ZK Friendly Hash Functions ZK-friendly hash functions are hash functions that require much fewer constraints to prove and verify than traditional cryptographic hash functions. Hash functions such as...

Computing the Current Tick Given sqrtPriceX96 In the previous chapters, we saw that the protocol stores the square root of the price instead of the price itself. Therefore, it is necessary to relate...

ERC-6551 Standard: Token Bound Accounts (TBA) Introduction NFTs were originally created to represent ownership of digital or physical assets, like collectibles. However, they were limited to tracking...

ERC-1155 Multi Token Standard The ERC-1155 standard describes how to create both fungible and non-fungible tokens then incorporate them into a single smart contract. This saves significant deployment...

Introduction to Proxies Proxy contracts enable smart contracts to retain their state while allowing their logic to be upgraded. By default, smart contracts cannot be upgraded because deployed...

Assembly revert Reverting transactions using inline assembly can be more gas-efficient than using the high-level Solidity or statement. In this guide, we’ll explore how the different types of reverts...

20 Common Solidity Beginner Mistakes Our intent is not to be patronizing towards developers early in their journey with this article. Having reviewed code from numerous Solidity developers, we’ve...

Storage Slots of Dynamic Types (Mappings, Arrays, Strings, Bytes) Dynamic-sized types in Solidity (sometimes referred to as complex types) are data types with variable size. They include mappings,...

Uniswap V3 Factory and the Relationship Between Tick Spacing and Fees In early chapters, we introduced the concept of ticks, which discretize the price curve. A tick is a price defined by the formula...