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Coding a Solidity rebase token A “rebase token” (sometimes “rebasing token”) is an ERC-20 token where the total supply, and the balances of token holders, can change without transfers, minting, or...
Last updated on Mar 13, 202525 min read
The Diamond Proxy Pattern Explained The Diamond Pattern (ERC-2535) is a proxy pattern where the proxy contract uses multiple implementation contracts simultaneously, unlike the Transparent...
Last updated on Feb 25, 20254 min read
Inner Product Algebra In this article, we give some useful algebraic tricks for inner products that will be useful in deriving range proofs (and encoding circuits as inner products) later. Each rule...
Last updated on Dec 19, 202421 min read
Range Proof A range proof in the context of inner product arguments is a proof that the scalar $v$ has been committed to $V$ and $v$ is less than $2^n$ for some non-negative integer $n$. This article...
Last updated on Nov 20, 20243 min read
Lagrange Interpolation with Python Lagrange interpolation is a technique for computing a polynomial that passes through a set of $n$ points. Interpolating a vector as a polynomial Examples A straight...
Last updated on Nov 17, 202410 min read
Homomorphisms by Example A homomorphism between two groups exists if a structure preserving map between the two groups exists. Suppose we have two algebraic data structures $(A,\square)$ and $(B,...
Last updated on Nov 17, 2024Reducing the number of equality checks (constraints) through random linear combinations Random linear combinations are a common trick in zero knowledge proof algorithms to enable $m$ equality checks...
Last updated on Nov 13, 2024A Zero Knowledge Proof for the Inner Product An inner product argument is a proof that the prover carried out the inner product computation correctly. This chapter shows how to construct a zero...
Last updated on Nov 13, 2024Read account data with Solana web3 js and Anchor !Read Account Data This tutorial shows how to read account data directly from the Solana web3 Javascript client so that a web app could read it on the...
Last updated on Nov 7, 202410 min read
Introduction to ZK Bulletproofs Bulletproofs are a zero knowledge inner product argument, which enable a prover to convince a verifier that they correctly computed an inner product. That is, the...
Last updated on Nov 4, 2024Bulletproofs ZKP: Zero Knowledge and Succinct Proofs for Inner Products Bulletproofs ZKPs allow a prover to prove knowledge of an inner product with a logarithmic-sized proof. Bulletproofs do not...
Last updated on Nov 4, 2024Building a Zero Knowledge Proof from an R1CS Given an arithmetic circuit encoded as a Rank 1 Constraint System, it is possible to create a ZK-proof of having a witness, albeit not a succinct one....
Last updated on Oct 31, 2024