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11 min read
ERC-7201 Storage Namespaces Explained ERC-7201 (formerly EIP-7201) is a standard for grouping storage variables together by a common identifier called a namespace, and also to document the group of...
11 min read
Fixed Point Arithmetic in Solidity (Using Solady, Solmate, and ABDK as Examples) A fixed-point number is an integer that stores only the numerator of a fraction — while the denominator is implied....
9 min read
The Transparent Upgradeable Proxy Pattern Explained in Detail The Transparent Upgradeable Proxy is a design pattern for upgrading a proxy while eliminating the possibility of a function selector...
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Understanding ABI encoding for function calls ABI encoding is the data format used for making function calls to smart contracts. It is also how smart contracts encode data when making calls to other...
18 min read
Delegatecall: The Detailed and Animated Guide This article explains how delegatecall works in detail. The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) offers four opcodes for making calls between contracts: * and...
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Hacking Underconstrained Circom Circuits With Fake Proofs The operator in Circom can be dangerous because it assigns values to signals but does not constrain them. But how do you actually ~~exploit~~...
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noDelegateCall Explained The modifier prevents delegatecall from being sent to a contract. We will first show the mechanism for how to accomplish this then later discuss the motivation for why one...
46 min read
Smart Contract Security !smart contract security This article serves as a mini course on smart contract security and provides an extensive list of the issues and vulnerabilities that tend to recur in...
53 min read
The RareSkills Book of Solidity Gas Optimization: 80+ Tips !solidity gas optimization TABLE OF CONTENTS The RareSkills Book of Gas Optimization Gas optimization tricks do not always work Beware of...
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The Architecture of the Compound V3 Smart Contract Introduction and prerequisites Compound is one of the most significant lending protocols in DeFi, having inspired the design of nearly every lending...
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Compound V3 Interest Per Second The Compound V3 protocol measures interest on the scale of seconds. The Compound V3 frontend scales the number up to years for human friendliness. When we check the...
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Understanding Collateral, Liquidations, and Reserves in Compound V3 In this chapter we will examine the following topics about Compound V3: collateral valuation absorbing insufficiently...