Getting a smart contract audit: what you need to know A smart contract audit is a review by blockchain security experts to ensure that users will not lose funds due to a malfunction or security...

OpenZeppelin Ownable: Use Ownable2Step Instead The modifier is probably one of the most common patterns in Solidity. In the following example, the function can only be called by the address...

Solidity Staticcall EIP 214 Staticcall is like a regular Ethereum call except that it reverts if a state change happens. It cannot be used to transfer Ether. Both the EVM opcode, the Yul assembly...

Understanding smart contract metadata When Solidity generates the bytecode for the smart contract to be deployed, it appends metadata about the compilation at the end of the bytecode. We will examine...

Solana programs are upgradeable and do not have constructors !Hero image showing Anchor deploy In this tutorial we will peek behind the scenes of anchor to see how a Solana program gets deployed....

Solidity Mutation Testing Mutation testing is a method to check the quality of the test suite by intentionally introducing bugs into the code and ensuring the tests catch the bug. The kind of bugs...

Ethereum precompiled contracts Ethereum precompiles behave like smart contracts built into the Ethereum protocol. The nine precompiles live in addresses 0x01 to 0x09. The utility of precompiles falls...

How ERC721 Enumerable Works An Enumerable ERC721 is an ERC721 with added functionality that enables a smart contract to list all the NFTs an address owns. This article describes how functions and how...

How Chainlink Price Feeds Work Chainlink price oracles are smart contracts with public view functions that return the price of a particular asset denominated in USD. Off-chain nodes collect the...

Layer 2 Calldata Gas Optimization Update for mid 2024: As of the Dencun upgrade, calldata optimization doesn't have as much of an impact since the transactions on most L2s are stored on blobs,...