Browse all Token articles.
7 min read
Native Multicall Native multicall is Starknet's ability to bundle multiple contract calls into a single atomic transaction. Some decentralized application workflows require signing multiple...
17 min read
Account Abstraction On Ethereum, accounts are Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) by default. Each account is controlled by a private key, and if it's compromised, there's no way to limit the damage or...
10 min read
Pragma Oracle Pragma is an oracle protocol built for Starknet that brings off-chain price data on-chain. It provides price feeds and computational feeds (such as yield curves and volatility data). In...
17 min read
Components 3 In Component Part 1, we learned how to create and use a component within a contract, and demonstrated that components behave like abstract contracts in Solidity. In Component Part 2, we...
14 min read
Factory Contract in Cairo A factory contract is a contract that deploys one or more instances of a contract. In the "_Understanding Starknet's Contract Deployment Model_" chapter, we learned that...
9 min read
Cross-contract call on Starknet A cross-contract call is how one contract calls another contract's public function. A common example is a liquidity pool calling an ERC-20 token contract to transfer...
20 min read
Signature Verification Signature verification is the process of using a public key to mathematically prove that a message or transaction was signed using the corresponding private key. Signature...
6 min read
Native Solana: Essential Security Checks In our previous native Solana tutorials, we skipped security checks to keep examples short and focused on the core topics. In this tutorial, we'll cover...
12 min read
Native Solana: Cross-Program Invocation with invoke and invoke_signed Cross-Program Invocation (CPI) is how programs call other programs on the Solana blockchain. In this tutorial, we'll learn how to...
10 min read
Mint and Burn Rules for ERC-721 Introduction ERC-721 is the Ethereum standard for non-fungible tokens, widely used to represent digital property. Like any form of property, it revolves around supply...
8 min read
Transfer and Approval Rules for ERC-721 Introduction This chapter continues as the third part (3/5) of our code walkthrough of OpenZeppelin’s ERC-721 CVL specification and focuses on token transfer...
14 min read
Invariants for ERC-721 Introduction In previous chapters, we explored how CVL invariants work: properties that must hold throughout all contract execution. Invariants can function as preconditions in...