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14 min read
Factory Contract in Cairo A factory contract is a contract that deploys one or more instances of a contract. In the "_Understanding Starknet's Contract Deployment Model_" chapter, we learned that...
13 min read
Deploying Contracts on Starknet In the previous article, we covered Starknet's declare-deploy model, including the deployment paths for regular and account contracts. This article puts those concepts...
16 min read
Understanding Starknet’s Contract Deployment Model On Ethereum, you deploy a contract in a single transaction. Starknet takes a different approach: deployment is split into two separate transactions,...
9 min read
Cross-contract call on Starknet A cross-contract call is how one contract calls another contract's public function. A common example is a liquidity pool calling an ERC-20 token contract to transfer...
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Signature Verification Signature verification is the process of using a public key to mathematically prove that a message or transaction was signed using the corresponding private key. Signature...
13 min read
Hash Functions on Starknet Solidity relies on keccak-256 as its primary hash function to derive deterministic identifiers from arbitrary data such as computing function selectors or computing storage...
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Syscalls in Starknet In Solidity, low-level operations like reading/writing to storage, contract to contract calls, or sending messages are performed directly through inline assembly using Yul...
10 min read
Orthogonality of Roots of Unity The sum of powers of the $k$-th roots of unity generated by a primitive $k$-th root of unity is either zero or $k$. We call this property the orthogonality of roots of...
13 min read
Solana Syscalls: Logging in sBPF Assembly In the previous tutorial, we learned how a program reads from memory into the sBPF VM registers. Now, we’ll build on that model by showing how programs...
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Reading Solana Instruction inputs using sBPF assembly In the previous tutorial, we introduced the sBPF memory layout and explained the purpose of each register during program execution. In this...
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sBPF Memory Layout and Register Conventions This tutorial introduces the Solana BPF (sBPF) memory layout and the roles of its virtual machine registers. We'll demonstrate the conventions for how...
11 min read
Solana Program Execution and Input Serialization This article explains how the BPF loader serializes program instruction inputs, how the entrypoint receives them, and how programs deserialize that...