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9 min read
Uniswap V2: Calculating the Settlement Price of an AMM Swap This article explains how to determine the price settlement of a trading pair in an Automated Market Maker (AMM). It answers the question...
6 min read
Three ways to detect if an address is a smart contract This article describes three methods in Solidity for determining if an address is a smart contract: Check if . This is not a recommended method,...
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Low Level Call vs High Level Call in Solidity A contract in Solidity can call other contracts via two methods: through the contract interface, which is considered a high-level call, or by using the...
9 min read
Uniswap V2 Architecture: An Introduction to Automated Market Makers Uniswap is a DeFi app that enables traders to swap one token for another in a trustless manner. It was one of the early automated...
9 min read
Uniswap v2 router code walkthrough The Router contracts provide a user-facing smart contract for safely minting and burning LP tokens (adding and removing liquidity) safely swapping pair tokens They...
12 min read
A comprehensive guide to the ERC 721 standard and related security issues ERC721 (or ERC-721) is the most widely used Ethereum standard for nonfungible tokens. It associates a unique number with an...
15 min read
Getting a smart contract audit: what you need to know A smart contract audit is a review by blockchain security experts to ensure that users will not lose funds due to a malfunction or security...
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OpenZeppelin Ownable: Use Ownable2Step Instead The modifier is probably one of the most common patterns in Solidity. In the following example, the function can only be called by the address...
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Solidity Staticcall EIP 214 Staticcall is like a regular Ethereum call except that it reverts if a state change happens. It cannot be used to transfer Ether. Both the EVM opcode, the Yul assembly...
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Understanding smart contract metadata When Solidity generates the bytecode for the smart contract to be deployed, it appends metadata about the compilation at the end of the bytecode. We will examine...
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Ten beginner project ideas after you learn Solidity Now that you've completed our solidity tutorial, what's next? You now have enough knowledge to build any of the following projects. Knowledge comes...
4 min read
The Schwartz-Zippel Lemma and its application to Zero Knowledge Proofs Nearly all ZK-Proof algorithms rely on the Schwartz-Zippel Lemma to achieve succintness. The Schwartz-Zippel Lemma states that...