Positions in Uniswap v3 Adding liquidity to an AMM means depositing tokens into the AMM pool. Liquidity providers do this in the hope of earning fees from users who swap with that pool. In Uniswap...

How Ethereum address are derived (EOAs, CREATE, and CREATE2) On Ethereum, smart contracts can be deployed in one of three ways: An Externally Owned Account (EOA) initiates the transaction where the...

ERC-6551 Standard: Token Bound Accounts (TBA) Introduction NFTs were originally created to represent ownership of digital or physical assets, like collectibles. However, they were limited to tracking...

Computing the Current Tick Given sqrtPriceX96 In the previous chapters, we saw that the protocol stores the square root of the price instead of the price itself. Therefore, it is necessary to relate...

Uniswap V3 Factory and the Relationship Between Tick Spacing and Fees In early chapters, we introduced the concept of ticks, which discretize the price curve. A tick is a price defined by the formula...

ZK Friendly Hash Functions ZK-friendly hash functions are hash functions that require much fewer constraints to prove and verify than traditional cryptographic hash functions. Hash functions such as...

ERC-6909 Minimal Multi-Token Standard The ERC-6909 token standard is a streamlined alternative to the ERC-1155 token standard. The ERC-1155 standard introduced a multiple-token interface that allows...

The Diamond Proxy Pattern Explained The Diamond Pattern (ERC-2535) is a proxy pattern where the proxy contract uses multiple implementation contracts simultaneously, unlike the Transparent...

Introduction to Proxies Proxy contracts enable smart contracts to retain their state while allowing their logic to be upgraded. By default, smart contracts cannot be upgraded because deployed...

ERC-1155 Multi Token Standard The ERC-1155 standard describes how to create both fungible and non-fungible tokens then incorporate them into a single smart contract. This saves significant deployment...