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Assembly revert Reverting transactions using inline assembly can be more gas-efficient than using the high-level Solidity or statement. In this guide, we’ll explore how the different types of reverts...
Last updated on Aug 20, 20259 min read
get_D() and get_y() in Curve StableSwap This article shows algebraically step-by-step how the code for and are derived from the StableSwap invariant. Given the StableSwap Invariant: $$ An^n\sum x_i...
Last updated on Aug 20, 2025Smart Contract Foundry Upgrades with the OpenZeppelin Plugin Upgrading a smart contract is a multistep and error-prone process, so to minimize the chances of human error, it is desirable to use a...
Last updated on Sep 25, 2024UUPS: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (ERC-1822) The UUPS pattern is a proxy pattern where the upgrade function resides in the implementation contract, but changes the implementation address...
Last updated on Sep 23, 202416 min read
20 Common Solidity Beginner Mistakes Our intent is not to be patronizing towards developers early in their journey with this article. Having reviewed code from numerous Solidity developers, we’ve...
Last updated on Aug 20, 2025The intuition behind elliptic curve digital signatures (ECDSA) This article explains how the ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) works as well as why it works. We will incrementally...
Last updated on Sep 25, 20244 min read
UniswapV2Library Code Walkthrough UniswapV2Library The Uniswap V2 Library simplifies some interactions with pair contracts and is used heavily by the Router contracts. It contains eight functions...
Last updated on Aug 22, 2024Solana counter tutorial: reading and writing data to accounts !Writing Data to accounts in Anchor Solana In our previous tutorial, we discussed how to initialize an account so that we could persist...
Last updated on Aug 15, 20243 min read
Cross Program Invocation In Anchor Cross Program Invocation (CPI) is Solana's terminology for a program calling the public function of another program. We've already done CPI before when we sent a...
Last updated on Sep 9, 2024Reading Another Anchor Program's Account Data On Chain In Solidity, reading another contract's storage requires calling a function or the storage variable being public. In Solana, an off-chain client...
Last updated on Aug 15, 2024#[derive(Accounts)] in Anchor: different kinds of accounts in Solana Anchor is an attribute-like macro for structs that holds references to all the accounts the function will access during its...
Last updated on Sep 9, 2024Creating "mappings" and "nested mapping" in Solana !"Mappings" and "Nested Mappings" in Solana In the previous tutorials, the parameter was always empty. If we put data into it, it behaves like a key...
Last updated on Sep 28, 2024