Cairo Storage Variable Types In Starknet, Contract Storage is the persistent memory where your smart contract's state lives. Unlike variables declared inside a function which disappear after...

Access Control in Cairo Access control defines who can call specific functions or modify contract behavior. This article explains how Cairo implements access control using the macro. A Review of...

Events in Starknet Events emit data from contract execution into the transaction receipt. The receipt holds metadata about what happened during the execution, which can be queried or indexed by...

Components Part 2: OpenZeppelin ERC-20 Tutorial In Component Part 1, we learned how to create and use a component within a single file. We built a from scratch and integrated its storage, events, and...

Cairo for Solidity Developers Cairo is a Rust-inspired language that compiles to bytecode, which runs on the Cairo Virtual Machine. The Cairo virtual machine is a zero-knowledge virtual machine...

Introduction to the Cairo Language Cairo is a programming language designed for provable, verifiable computation, particularly within the context of zero-knowledge systems like Starknet, a Layer 2...

ERC-6551 Standard: Token Bound Accounts (TBA) Introduction NFTs were originally created to represent ownership of digital or physical assets, like collectibles. However, they were limited to tracking...

Introduction to ZK Circuits with Circom Circom is a programming language for creating Rank 1 Constraint Systems (R1CS) and populating the witness vector of the R1CS. The R1CS format is of interest...

Introduction to ZK Bulletproofs Bulletproofs are a zero knowledge inner product argument, which enable a prover to convince a verifier that they correctly computed an inner product. That is, the...

20 Common Solidity Beginner Mistakes Our intent is not to be patronizing towards developers early in their journey with this article. Having reviewed code from numerous Solidity developers, we’ve...

Initializing Accounts in Solana and Anchor !Storage in Solana Up until this point, none of our tutorials have used "storage variables" or stored anything permanent. In Solidity and Ethereum, a more...

Owner vs Authority in Solana !Hero image showing Owner vs Authority Newcomers to Solana are frequently confused by the distinction between an "owner" and an "authority." This article attempts to...